Borobudur Temple (Tugas Softskill)

BOROBUDUR TEMPLE

The Borobudur Temple is considered as one of the seven wonders of the world. This temple is located at Borobudur District, South of Magelang, Central Java.

Borobudur was built by Sanmaratungga in the 8th century, and belongs to Buddha Mahayana.Borobudur was revealed by Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles in 1814. The temple was found in ruined condition and was buried.

The overall height was 42 meters, but was only 34.5 meters after restoration, and had the dimension of 123 x 123 meters (15,129 square meters). There were 10 floors. The first floor up to the sixth floor was square form, the seventh to the tenth floor were round for

Borobudur is facing to the East with a total of 1460 panels (2 meters wide each). Total size of the temple walls was 2500 square meters, full of relief. The total number of panels with relief was 1212. According to investigations, the total number of Buddha statue was 504 including the intact and damaged statues. The temple undergone restoration from 1905 to 1910, and the last restoration was done in 1973 to 1983.

Structural Design of Borobudur Temple

The relief of Borobudur temple started from the base of the temple up to the fourth platform. The relieves at the base contained the story of Karmawibhangga. Under the main panel and above theKarmawibhangga relief, a wide-sized relief was inscripted at the wall. From this point along the alley, the relief did not show story in the sequence, but as a repeating part of the story with the same motives which expressed the world of spiritual beings such as half demonic body (Gandharwa, giants or Yataka, dragon, Sidha or angels and their ladies friends, Apsara and Nagi, all of them are heavenly beings who are tender and beautiful.

Division of panels are: the first panel expressed a heavenly being in sitting position, on both side of this panel are small panel with a small standing statue. This figures are repeated 26 times for each side of the wall. Between the panels is carved three bodies, a male flanked by two women.

Relieves at the Walls of the Alley

There was a long series of main relieves at the first alley, either at the main wall or at the inner side of Kutamara wall. Relieves at the Kutamara wall depicted Jataka's and Awadana's, a story of Buddha's life which expressed as Bodhisatwa, due to his good deeds in the past. Sometimes, Buddha is expressed in the form of animals such as rabbit, monkeys etc. As it was told in animated stories, the story was adopted from Sanskrit book, Jatakamala. Only one third of the relieves were known, the rest was still unclear.

The lower relieves of the main wall contained the same story. The upper relieves also had the same story as the lower one. The story contained the life of Buddha consisting of 120 frames until he began teaching Buddha religion. The first frame began from the South of stairway of the curved gate at the East, and follow the path of the sun (the temple on the right side). The life story of Buddha was adopted from Lalitawistara book.

At the second alley, Jataka and Awadana story were continued on the inner side of Utamara, and on the main wall, story was began with stories adopted from Gandhawyuha. This story was so long that it occupied the main wall and inner side wall of Utamara at the third and fourth alley. The story showed the adventure of a Sudhana who met Bodhisatwa Maytreya (the future Buddha) to have religious lesson from the Buddha. Later on, the Sudhana met with Bodhisatwa Mandjusri, and finally he met with Dyani Bodhisatwa Samanta Badra, who gave the highest wisdom. Most of those stories expressed the use of spiritual strength and unusual happenings.

There were many beautiful ornaments inscripted at the wall of the fourth alley, because the fifth alley did not contained any ornaments. The fifth alley is a transitional alley to the next platform, the round platform. The next round platforms also did not contained any ornaments at all (Kaylan,1959).

Inggrid Diani Prihastari
15614342
1SA04

Maldives (Tugas Softskill)

Maldives

Republic of Maldives is an archipelago state that consist atoll or a coral island which is surrounding the water. Republic of Maldives is located in the Indian Ocean, exactly in the southwest of India. Maldives has a lot of beautiful beach and interesting underwater scenery. The wonderful of Maldives beach make that place as named as “Last Paradise on Earth”. But not only beach and underwater tour, Maldives has lot of tour that also interesting and beautiful. Here I want to go.

First I want to tell about the beach. The beach of Maldives has a white sand as a pearl, clear blue sea, calm wave and perfect atmosphere. The sky is so warm and beautiful too. You should look at the pictures below. Maldives is one of my destination’s dream. That beach is so famous and I interested to get there. I imagine when I coming there, I will never bored to take a look the view and maybe I will say nothing too long and enjoying the view of the beach. And surely take photos. Actually, the main interest of the beach in Maldives is quality, privacy, and exclusivity. If I spend the night there, I feel like an island is mine because the resort was built above the sea. So, when I open the door I can jump and swim over the sea straight from the  resort.

If a while ago I just telling the beach, now I want to tell the underwater scenery of Maldives. The underwater scenery of Maldives is full of fish and beautiful coral rock inside. There is turtle too. Although Indonesian sea and beach is rich and wonderful too, the Maldives underwater is not lose from Indonesa. You should look at the pictures beside. I can imagine that I am diving into the clear blue sea of Maldives,  or maybe just snorkling. I can feel the blue sea and see the fish and coral rock very close. And i will always capturing and memorizing every moment and every activities I do in there.

 Like I said before, Maldives not only has a wonderful beach and underwater but Maldives has a wonderful mosques.  The majority people of Maldives are moslem so do not surprised if there are a lot of mosque. And one of the mosque or most popular and the biggest mosque in Maldives is Al Sultan Mohamed Thakurufaanu-al-A’z’am as known as The Grand Friday Mosque.

 The Grand Friday Mosque is officially official on 1984. The Grand Friday Mosque well known as Islamic centre often present an international seminar. The Mosque where located in Male, the major island  and the centre of Maldives city, look like colouring the sky with that gold dome and that beautiful tower. You should look at that pictures. Inside the mosque, there are decorated with calligraphy carved wood. That is so beautiful and amazing.

Once again, the oldest mosque in Maldives, called Hukuru Miskiiy Mosque. This oldest mosque was built on 1958. You can look at the pictures. So I can imagine if I have vacation to the Maldives I will not confused to worship because there are so many mosque that i could go.

The architectural of Hukuru Miskiiy Mosque is not defeated from The Grand Friday Mosque. Even if this mosque is too old but the cunstruction is still strong. Because maybe this mosque has a good treatment.

In addition, Maldives has another tourism which is very pity to be passed. There will be I clearing furthermore.

National Museum in Maldives is one of the main tourist attraction destinations of the country. National Museum, located in Sultan Park which the building is separate with Sultan Palace. This museum placed in old palace building, but very beautiful. You can look at the pictures. Inside the museum there is so many historical things. The things are save and we can visit the museum like we usually do when we visit the museum.

Then, there is Mulee Aage Palace. This historical palace is located in The Grand Friday Mosque was built on 1906. Mulee Aage Palace was built before The World War I. This Palace was deliberate built by Sultan Mohamed Shamsudden for his beloved son. You can look at the picture.

The next is Esjehi Art Gallery. This Art Gallery is located in the east of Sultan Park and this included as the oldest building in Maldives. You can look at the pictures.

The Last is Male Fish Market. Being the hub of commercial activities, Maldives fish market is a place that is always overcrowded with people. This is likely enough to visit because there is sell so many kind of fish and selling with a special trade of Maldives. And I can imagine that there will be awesome if we buy a fish and we could feel the sensation of bargain. You should look at the pictures.

You should need to know that Maldives has an issue about global warming. Because the high of the Maldives island is under average. And the tourism of this island almost dominant with beaches, and underwater. Most of the people work as a fishermen also.

Although rise of the sea always haunting people, that things not give effect for all tourist who want to visit and want to spend their holidays in Maldives. That things never reduce an interest and curiously the tourist all around the world. 

Inggrid Diani Prihastari

Npm : 15614342